What is Global Surface Temperature?

In earth science, the global surface temperature is calculated by averaging the temperature at the surface of the sea and air temperature over land. In technical writing, scientists call long-term changes in GST global cooling or global warming. Periods of both have happened regularly throughout earth's history. The global average temperature has warmed by 1.09°C (range: 0.95 to 1.20°C) from 1850–1900 to 2011–2020.